Place the chicken breasts in a large pot. Add the salt, bay leaf, peppercorns, garlic, and enough water to cover the chicken completely.
Heat the pot over medium-high until the water begins to gently simmer. Once simmering, reduce the heat to low, cover, and allow the chicken to cook until it reaches an internal temperature of 165°F, approximately 10–15 minutes.
Remove the pot from the heat and let the chicken rest in the cooking liquid for an additional 3 to 5 minutes.
Slice the chicken and serve.
Tip: For a richer flavor, substitute chicken stock for the water in the poaching liquid.